Cold weather, the ongoing erection of modern infrastructure, construction activities, congested roads and slow-moving traffic add to existing challenges of pollution. Rapid industrialisation and unplanned urbanisation also contribute to air pollution. As per the Air Quality Life Index AQLI report for 2025, released in August 2025 by the Energy Policy Institute at the University of Chicago, India’s average life expectancy is expected to reduce by 3.5 years, making air pollution the most severe health threat in India.
An increase in air pollution leads to respiratory diseases like asthma, bronchitis, and reduced lung function; cardiovascular diseases like heart attacks and strokes; and neurological and cognitive conditions. Children, the elderly, pregnant women, and people with asthma, heart disease or conditions mentioned earlier are the most vulnerable to the ill-effects of rising air pollution. Though air pollution can be a severe health threat, there is no quick fix. However, a few tips below can help reduce the ill impacts of air pollution:
If the air quality index (AQI) levels are very poor, it is better to avoid outdoor work. Keeping track of AQI using mobile applications can help plan outdoor activities. Commuters and outdoor workers in poor AQI regions should use masks. Outdoor activities and exercise should be carefully planned, especially for individuals with health conditions.
When at home, keep the doors and windows closed during peak traffic hours. Be careful while cooking as cross ventilation is of little help. Hence, use exhaust fans or a chimney to throw the air out. Turn it on before you start cooking and keep it running for 10 minutes after cooking. Avoid burning waste and other materials near home, as far as possible. If possible, use air purifiers at home. While cleaning, use a damp cloth for wet mopping. Dry sweeping resuspends dust and fine particles.
Children and the elderly may need special attention when the AQI worsens. Encourage children to wear masks. If possible, limit outdoor recreation and games for children during bad weather. Instead, encourage indoor activities. If the child is going to school, keep masks and drinking water bottle ready in the school bag. For the elderly, health should be monitored on regular basis. Vital parameters such as blood pressure and pulse rate should be tracked. Since, bad weather can impact efficiency of lung function, physical activity should be measured. They should be encouraged to stay indoors on days with very poor air quality.
Exposure to poor-quality air for a sustained period can severely impact health. Though the human body initially attempts to adapt, there is a possibility of health deterioration over time. Persistent cough, tightness in the chest, frequent throat infections or headaches should be taken seriously. A sudden spike in blood pressure can also be a warning sign. In such situations, seek medical help. For individuals with health complications, especially breathing-related conditions, keep a portable oxygen supplement at home.
Worsening air quality is a serious challenge, and it cannot be dealt with quickly. Efforts need to be taken at a societal level. Small but important actions towards reducing emissions – be it carpooling, the use of public transport or not burning garbage or crop residue - can go a long way in improving air quality. Active participation in promoting clean air can ensure improved air quality over time.
